Classroom assessment techniques are ungraded assignments that help faculty answer two types of questions:

• • How well are students learning? and

  • How effectively are teachers teaching?

Answers to these two questions can be useful to both students and instructors. Teachers create classroom assessments to address questions of teaching and learning that are important to them, and teachers typically administer and analyze the assessments as well. Below are some classroom assessments that might be useful as indirect assessments of student learning.

Making Scoring/Grading Useful for Assessment

• • General principles for making scoring/grading useful for assessment (rubrics)